Character Analysis

Stephen Simmons
AP English Mr. George
12/17/09
Character Analysis: Hale

Reverend Hale was a demon-seeking man of God, who’s alteration caused him to not only determine the townspeople’s lives, but save them as well.
Hale’s first initiative in Salem was to seek out the devil in Betty Parris, and bring some sense to the people living there. “I’ve heard you to be a sensible man, Mr. Hale. I hope you’ll leave some of it in Salem”(37). There is quite a burden held on Hales shoulders as a man of great knowledge in witchcraft and demonic occurrences . One would think that such a man, during this time period, would be very intelligent and logical. However, this was not the case. Hale initially sided with Danforth and the court system in their attempt to maintain authority and balance in the town through the creation of the witch hunt. When realizing the insanity held within these trials, Hale began to side with God and attempt to save the innocent civilions of Salem like Proctor, Rebecca, and Elizabeth. “Reverend Hale has returned to bring Rebecca Nurse to God”(125). Once realizing that his goal was to find the devil, and not watch the innocent lives of the towns people be taken by Danforth, Hale began to help others, as opposed to accusing them. Perhaps, in realizing that all of his might could not physically save the people’s lives, Hale attempted to save their lives by bringing them closer to God and assuring their arrival in heaven.
Hale is like the many Americans who strive for the American dream. Many Americans who strive for the American dream do not achieve it or anything close to it. We all want to buy gigantic homes, million dollar cars, and have ten girlfriends, but none of these things ever find their way towards us. In fact, they drift away from us and cause us to plan new futures and lives for ourselves. Hale wanted to bring sense to Salem and find the devil in Betty. However, the circumstances of the witch trials in Salem forced him to adapt to the situation and go about life a new way.
Hale is like George W. Bush who entered office with insightful and inspirational ideas, and left with completely different ones.

The Crucible 128-End

Stephen Simmons
Ap English 11/Mr. George
12/14/09
The Crucible

"Let you fear nothing! Another judgment waits us all"(144).

Although the true context of this line is in regards to getting a second chance at living or being tried by the court, I like to think of it in regards to being judged by God. Religion and God play very important roles in this novel, but not as imortant as they should. For someone like Proctor and Giles, who have been executed and await execution, a fair trial has been taken away from them. By saying "another judgment awaits us all," Rebecca could possibly be referring to the decision between God and one's self regarding whether or not one should be sent to heaven or hell. The true goal of life for Proctor , being a religious person, is to not lie, but leave life a holy, moral person, who will one day be given a fair trial.

"He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him!"(145).

Could this actually be the act of revenge? We have observed many characters and their different natures throughout the novel, but one strikes me as just plain old wierd. Although loving your husband is no crime, and constantly vexing him about the affair he had with Abigale is acceptable because no man should cheat on his wife, it seems that Elizabeth has been too good to Proctor, despite all of their "disagreements." It alsmost seems as if Elizabeth was trying win Proctor over by pleeding for his life and speaking in favor of Proctor, in order to remain under the radar. Perhaps Elizabeth eventually agrees to let Proctor be executed to get back at him for something he had done such as cheating, and brining a bad name to their family. After all, pretty much everyone with high authority in Salem does not favor Proctor over others.

The Crucible 113-127

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
12/13/09
The Crucible

"Reverend Hale has returned to bring Rebecca Nurse to God"(125).

This reminds me of the first time we are introduced to Hale, and Proctor says, "I've heard you to be a sensible man...I hope you'll leave some of it in Salem," to Hale. Perhaps Hale's divine purpose wasn't to work with the court and seek out all of the witches and devils, but to save the people allow them to really see God for the first time. His initial task was to determine if Betty was possessed, but as the novel progressed, he has become more of a savior in the sense that he cares for the live of the people and is doing everything in his power to save them, even if it means going against the court. Hale is like Jesus, showing the people a way to God. Furthermore, not only does Hale attempt to save the lives of people he knows are innocent, he does what Parris couldn't do: bring God to the people and assure the citizens a sense of satisfaction and hope.

"There will be no postponement"(127).

Wow, Danforth is really determined to hang innocent people. Although it may seem otherwise, Danforth's motives for executing people is not mere satisfaction, but the preservation of his authority. During this trial and the witch-hunt, Danforth's power and authority have increased and room for error has been diminished. Considering the fact that Danforth already sent many people to hang and accused others of witchcraft, he must be correct in his accusations or that could be the end of him. His reasons for executing innocent people is to remain in power and control the town. However, he has dug himself a deep grave that he will not be able to get out of, because the execution of Proctor and other innocent people will create turmoil in Salem, and bring about the one thing that he fears at this point in time, rebellion. By exterminating those who know his flaws, he becomes more invincible and more powerful, however, "What comes up(his power), must come down."

The Crucible 98-113

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/ Mr. George
12/10/09
The Crucible

"A man will not cast away his good name"(110).

This is what I love about Proctor. Despite all of the evil events that have happened to Proctor thus far, he still acts like nothing is going on. Proctor is the type of man to follow through with his beliefs until the point of death. Although there is a lack of religious practice in his life, Proctor can be associated with Jesus or historical martyrs. Proctor knows that his wife and other's wives are innocent, and he has taken it into his responsibility to dispel all accusations against them. When God's icy wind blows, Proctor stands his ground, and is beginning to slowly lose feeling in his body. Being significantly more intelligent than other people in society, he knows how his story is going to end, as well as his wife's. This reminds me of sports games, where one team might be losing by a lot, and although they are being destroyed, they still put all of their energy in the game, to leave with a bang and be remembered as fighters, and not spectators. The end is obviously near for Proctor.

"Mr. Parris, I bid you be silent!"(101).

Finally someone told Parris to shut up. There is not one character in the novel thus far, who has pointed more fingers and accused more people of conspiring with the devil than Parris. Ironically, the head of the court is the one who ordered him to silence himself. In Salem, the church and court are of the highest authority, and resemble a similar figure of who we know today to be the President. Although both institutions hold much power, Danforth and the court still desire more power than what is necessary. Danforth still desires to be the person with the most input on everything. Earlier in the novel he was speaking about the absence of religion and how it would be fearful if religion was expelled. Now he is the one dispelling religion and punishing those who do not practice it.

The Crucible 81-98

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
12/9/09
The Crucible

"But you must understand, sir, that a person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there be no rode between"(94).

Danforth is too focused on the end-goal of this trial and the concluding status of the court system, as well as the church. He went into this trial harboring the most power and say in the final decision, after all he is the judge. However, although he went in strong, he desires to come out even stronger. His job as the judge is to set an example for those who are dumb enough to follow him, and to play the part of an all knowing, all powerful being. Dictating life and death is one method in achieving this. By demanding that people pick sides, he is not only showcasing his power and authority, but attempting to weed out those who realize what is really going on, and execute them before people come to their senses. By forcing people to chose the court or indifferent beliefs, good or evil, Christ and the devil, Danforth is playing the opposing citizens like chess pieces. Knowing that people like Proctor will not side with him, he is able to erase their existence from humanity, before they begin preaching their own gospel and ideals.

"No uncorrupted man may fear this court, Mr. Hale!"(98).

For the first time Danforth expresses the logical half of his brain. No man in the world now, let alone during that time period in the most superstitious place in Massachusetts, is as clean as a whistle. In other words, everyone is corrupt and flawed. This statement is logical because the concept of fear is what fuels the events in this novel. What fear seems to circumnavigate around is the trial. Those going into the trial, use their fear to their advantage. In war or sports games, we often find ourselves using our anxiety or fear as a little "pick me up" or adrenaline boost. Proctor and Giles, both fear death, as any normal human would, but they use it to their advantage, and to face the one controlling institution that nobody else can, the court. Danforth also uses fear in combination with his desire to control society. In the trial the fear of losing his position is overwhelming and so he uses it as an intimidation factor by sentencing people, as well as hanging them.

P&P Essay

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
12/6/09
Rough draft
Cause vs. Effect
A first impression is the initial conclusion that is drawn about someone after meeting them for the first time. First impressions have a great deal of importance in the society we live in, as well as the society reflected upon by Jane Austen in Pride and Prejudice. Often, in a relationship, one uses their judgment and the first impression they form to decide whether or not they will continue seeing the other person. The book Pride and Prejudice is one that beholds a multitude of prejudice between the characters promoted because of their first impressions. Although it seems rather reasonable, judging someone based on a single meeting or conversation is immoral and inaccurate, as we learn in the novel. Often, those who are quick to judge are quick to fall, just like Elizabeth, whose false assumptions lead to heartbreak and disappointment. However, not everyone is quick to judge, and those who would rather spend more time with someone to get to know them will be less disappointed and will find their analysis more accurate. Unfortunately, society during those times was very uneventful and people did what they do best: judge, flirt, and hope for a happy ending. The novel’s original title was, in fact, First Impressions. First Impressions is a better title for Pride and Prejudice because, though pride and prejudice play a major role in the text, first impressions play a far more integral role as the connecting force between characters and the cause of feelings such as pride and prejudice.
There are multiple instances in the novel where someone’s first impressions of another blinded them from that person’s true character. When Mr. Darcy is first introduced into the novel at the ball at Meryton the ladies in the room are very astonished. He is handsome, wealthy, and well presented. However, there was also a negative air about Mr. Darcy—his pride: "The ladies declared he was much handsomer than Mr. Bingley, and he was looked at with great admiration for about half the evening, till his manners gave a disgust which turned the tide of his popularity; for he was discovered to be proud"(Austen 6). The majority of women felt mutual feelings about Mr. Darcy, but did not take the time to meet him. As one learns later in the novel, Mr. Darcy is far from proud. He is a caring individual whose high stance in the class system plays him like a puppet. While he desires to be with Elizabeth, he is forced to abide by the customs of the higher classes. The majority of Darcy’s acquaintances judge him, but not to the extremity of Elizabeth.
Without meeting and acquainting herself with him, Elizabeth labels Darcy as a rude, wealthy and proud figure. Although some of his first words read in the novel were very disrespectful, people often say things that they do not mean or do so to fit in with their peers. When Darcy says that Elizabeth is, "tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt me[Darcy]"(8), he is merely expressing what his position allows him to express. Elizabeth, offended, judges Darcy based on one instance and follows through with her accusations about him until they are disproved later in the novel. Elizabeth rejects Darcy because of her first impression of him, as well as his first impression of her sister.
At the ball at Meryton, Darcy spent the majority of the time observing Elizabeth’s sister, Jane. He concluded that Jane was a very zealous person, but not towards Bingley. "'Her [Jane's] look and manners were open, cheerful and engaging as ever, but without any symptom of peculiar regard, and I remained convinced from the evening's scrutiny, that though she received his attentions with pleasure, she did not invite them by any particular sentiment'" (151). Knowing his friend very well, Darcy thought that Bingley cared much more for Jane than Jane did for Bingley, and as a result of this, Darcy broke them up because of his initial impression of Jane. Further along in the novel, Darcy proposes to Elizabeth. This is a moment in the novel where the true power of first impressions is revealed.
Elizabeth’s initial impressions of Darcy have held strong until this moment, and with great vigor. She still believes that he is too proud, wealthy, and a snob who mistreated a man that she loved very much under false pretenses: Mr. Wickham. Elizabeth refused to let go of her first negative impression of Darcy, and when Darcy proposes to her for the first time, she releases her anger in one heartless rejection: 'Long before it had taken place, my opinion of you was decided. Your character was unfolded in the recital which I received many months ago from Mr. Wickham'" (147).Over all of this time, she still holds onto her first impression because she is prejudiced and wants Darcy to fit the classist character that she has molded for him.
Another instance in which Elizabeth’s first impression was false was with Mr. Wickham. When meeting him, she thought that he was a very handsome, well-mannered man. Although this was not entirely false, Elizabeth did not see the true evil behind Wickham. After spending more time with Wickham, Elizabeth grew closer and closer to him to the point of idolizing him: "‘His guilt and his descent appear by your account to be the same…for I have heard you accuse him of nothing worse than of being the son of Mr. Darcy’s steward, and of that, I can assure you, he informed me himself’" (72). Here, when Caroline tries to warn Elizabeth against Wickham, Elizabeth snaps at her. Due to her first impression of him, she did not want to believe anything else but what she initially thought about him. Not only that, but she already despises Caroline. When Darcy tried to explain Wickham’s situation, Elizabeth refused to believe it until later on in the text.
An interesting characteristic of Elizabeth and many other people in the novel is that they attempt to construct a mold based on their first impressions of people and strive to make them fit that mold, rejecting anything that disproves it. With Darcy, Elizabeth strived to make him that wealthy snob who she thought that he was in the first place. With Wickham, Elizabeth attempted to make Wickham the handsome and well-mannered person that she had initially met. When Darcy tried to explain that Wickham was not what she had imagined, she refuted him and sided with Wickham. The first impressions people in society have are often false; they promote prejudice and pride and make people do bad things. They are like cookie cutters in the sense that once someone has made their first judgment about someone, they craft that person in their mind into what they had initially thought. Once they make their cut, there is no way to change the shape of the cookie, or in this case, the character of the judged. People who initially think well of others will always try to make themselves believe that those people are good. If they are thought bad, they try to constitute negativity with the other people. First impressions dictate our emotions and cause us to be either rational or irrational.
First Impressions should be the title of the novel because the first impressions of every character create pride and prejudice in the characters, not the other way around. Pride and prejudice are the emotions that arise based on the first impression of someone. Naming the book Pride and Prejudice is much like a book where the characters cause everything called "Effects". Elizabeth’s first impression of Darcy caused her to be prejudiced towards those in the upper class, especially Darcy. In opposition to this, Lady Catherine’s first impression of Elizabeth and her family cause her to be prejudiced towards them and ultimately proud. The first impression is the starting point from whence all else follows. Prejudice and pride spring up from judgment and dictate the mood of the novel.
If Elizabeth never judged Darcy and caused a plethora of turmoil between them, their bond would not be as strong as it was at the end of the novel. After all, people learn best from experience, and without first acquaintances, experience does not exist. In addition to this, everyone has to meet someone for the first time; it would be virtually impossible for someone not too. It is human nature to judge someone the first time we meet them, and based on that judgment we unconsciously decide how we are going to act toward that person. In Elizabeth’s case, she chose to be prejudiced towards Darcy based on what she first thought. Her first impression was the springboard that initiated her relationship with Darcy. Because she thought him proud and conceited for so long, finding out he was not emphasized his true character and deepened her feelings for him. Without the concept of first impressions, the novel would simply be a plain old love story. Everything would be expected and nothing would be original. Because every character has a first impression that they find is false, the story is more intriguing, and essentially, it is what the entire book is about: a first impression of someone you thought acted one way, but in the end, they surprise you.


Works Cited
Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. United States: Oxford University, 1990

The Crucible 67-81

" Now the little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom, and common vengeance writes the law! This warrant's vengeance! I'll not give my wife to vengeance!"(77).

Finally, someone's head is screwed on right. I love proctor as a character because he is far more intelligent than the vast majority of people in society. While speaking his mind he is also able to avoid suspicion. The ripping of the warrant is the breaking away from society, which Proctor and others begin doing. Proctor is like Winston from the novel 1984. Like Proctor, Winston was far more intelligent than people like the proletarian or the gullible members of the Salem society, and realized the negative ideals withheld in Big Brother. However, he did not do anything early on to avoid suspicion and lethal accusations. Then, like Winston, Proctor began to act against the system by tearing the warrant for his wife's arrest, thus starting to act instead of go along with the mind poisoning ripples in society. One other thing to note is that many people in the Salem society are like the proletarian, not because Proctor is more intelligent, but because they are so mistreated and uneducated, that the court system and church has been able to dictate their lives, simply by preaching "devil" and "witch." It is because the church and court preach these things and accuse these weak minded people of witchcraft, that they are now the accusers for reasons that they could not explain. People like Hale, and Danforth feed off of the fear those "proletarian" and cause their raw material to go bad. Insanity is something that is induced into someone's mind, like an incurable disease, that can permanently effect the mind of its host.

"Aye, naked! And the wind, God's icy wind, will blow!"(81).

This sounds like some line that would be said in a movie like 300, where the soldiers would feel so exposed because their numbers are exceedingly lower than their opponents. It is almost as if Proctor is warning him army (himself and Marry, if she ever comes around) that a war is about to start and that "God's icy wind" (the enemy; Abigale, Parris, and the court members) will only blow, but twist and turn, spin, thrash and freeze. For such an intense moment is seems as though Proctor is not going in with much. Although in this society a few words is the equivalent to a full modern day investigation and trial, Proctor seems to lack appeal to the church and court because of what he had done and said about each. Unfortunately, a war can only be won by one side. I personally think that considering what has happened thus far and the absurdness of the society, that the court will eventually end up destroying Proctor and those associated with him. Justice does not always prevail.

The Crucible 49-67

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
12/7/09
The Crucible

"Goody Osburn-will hang!"(56).

Are they crazy? This attempt to hunt out all of the witches is a genocide of the innocent, suspected people. Failing to recite the commandments is no sign of witchcraft, but that of someone who has a hard time memorizing things. There are few people who can recite the commandments without extensive studying, especially under pressure. The court, let alone the church does not have the right execute a member of society because she could not recite the commandments, I know I can't. The authority of the court and church seems to be too extensive for society. Perhaps, the finger is being pointed at the wrong people. Instead of accusing women of witchcraft because they do not always speak the dialect of their religion, perhaps, those who are responsible for preaching religion and maintaining peace in society should be the accused. There is clearly no balance or mercy in society. It is like when you pick up a rotten banana. Instead of putting it to good use and making banana bread, you simply throw it away because it wasn't good enough for you, when in reality, you were not good enough to it.

"I like it not that Mr. Parris should lay his hand upon my baby. I see no light of God in that man. I'll not conceal it"(65).

Proctor clearly has an issue with authority in the court and church. However, he does not dislike religion, just the one who preaches it. "I have trouble enough without I come five mile to hear him preach only hellfire and bloody damnation"(28), Proctor said. There are obviously some negative feelings brewing between these two characters, Parris and Proctor, which could evolve into something greater. Considering the time period and the absurd witch hunt, as well as the vendettas held by each character against one another, it will be interesting to see who will emerge victorious, Parris or Proctor. In such a small society, there is no space for hate between citizens, just common agreement, as well as the determination to exterminate those who are "witches."

The Crucible 31-49

Stephen Simmons
Ap English 11/Mr. George
12/3/09
The Crucible

"How can it be the Devil? Why would he choose my house to strike? We have all manner of licentious people in the village!"(41).

Calm down, the only devilish happening is your stupidity. Due to the fact that Betty basically went brain dead for a little while, the Devil must be involved. In our modern day society science and religion fail to co exist and when and occurrence like this happens, science seems to explain it the most accurately. Usually if someone basically turns into a zombie-like figure, it is because their body is not functioning properly due to some internal failure or an external cause that does not involve any religious matter. We see that people living in that society are so blinded by superstition and theories, that they try to find answers that would satisfy themselves. People in the society are like little children who always get what they want. They adapt themselves to only hear what they want and what is in the best interest of them and disregard everything else. Furthermore, society is corrupt during this time because it lacks education and intelligence. Instead of testing for brain damage, for example, they use tests to see if someone is possessed or a witch. These people are crazy, only because that is the only thing they have been accustomed to.

"I saw Goody Booth with the Devil"(48).

Everyone in the world has blamed someone else for something that they did in order to avoid suspicion of them or the truth. The most common example among children is when some kid farts and blames it on the kid next to him in order to feel less embarrassed and more confident in themselves. This is exactly what Abigail is doing, she is trying to avert suspicion away from herself by blaming others for witchcraft and being with the Devil. Although this is completely childish, there is some intelligence that goes along with it. Knowing how insane the society is, Abigail intentionally drives away suspicions about herself by blaming someone else which as we know today, usually works. She knew that once she mentioned the Devil or witchcraft that peoples eyes would be off her and put on Goody Booth. Is this foreshadowing that Abigail might be a witch because she is smarter than everyone else and is already suspected of witchcraft? No, this just simply means that she is ahead of everyone else in society and will be able to manipulate society.

The Crucible 8-30

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
12/3/09
The Crucible

"I have trouble enough without i come five mile to hear him preach only hellfire and bloody damnation...there are many others who stay away from the church these days because you hardly ever mention God any more"(28-29).

One of the main issues in the superstitious society is that Religion, being the controlling force in the town, is failing to prosper. What we experience today when we go to church is significantly different to what one in that time period might have experienced when going to church in their town. Instead of preaching the words of the lord as well as words of peace and equality, messages of death, betrayal and Satan are being preached and lodged into the corrupt minds of the spectators and encouraging them to do the same. Yes, many people have different ways of expressing their religion and different beliefs, and there is nothing wrong with that. The issue lies not in what is being preached, but how that preaching will directly effect the minds of the people. Considering the superstitious society that the people lived in the reverends teachings only blind the people making them unable to distinguish devil from human or a which from their own children.

"These people had no ritual for the washing away of sins. It is another trait we inherited from them, and it has helped to discipline us as well as to breed hypocrisy among us"(20).

We are all exposed to sin at least once in our lives, and to absolve us of our sins we go to confession and we go to church and as Jesus to forgive us. However, back then there was no method of absolving someone of their sins, so instead they just built up internally and externally, and you were punished for sinning. If there weren't people to search for your sins or abnormalities, then no one would notice. In this society, there was nothing else to do but to hunt down those who were morally wrong and torment them. This concepts of seeking out and punishing the wrong doer arises the idea of hypocrisy. If everyone sins in the world, which is a true statement, and we all punished those who sinned, then what we are really doing is punishing ourselves. In the society in the novel, if someone was punished for sinning or being accused of witchcraft, then they would really be punishing themselves because they failed to recognize their own faults, which presents a major defect in society as well as everyone living in it.

Character analysis 2

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
11/28/09
Darcy

Darcy is an intelligent, wealthy man who’s complex character is a maze of emotion which is only navigational through love.
Darcy’s first appearance is one to leave a lasting impression on Elizabeth and everyone of the same genre of class. Some of the first words he says are those rejecting Elizabeth, saying that, “She is tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt me” (Austen 7). One can imagine how offended Elizabeth must have been hearing those words spoken from someone of such a high class as Darcy was. Being the wealthiest man at the ball, and one of the wealthiest in all of England, it was no challenge at all for Elizabeth to accuse Darcy of classism. Those words spoken by Darcy at the ball in Meryton spread and forced others to label him as a classist, aristocratic snob, just like the majority of the wealthier people. Due to the social awkwardness present in Darcy and his timid nature toward people he is not well acquainted with, he failed to earlier educate Elizabeth on Wickham’s true story, which while it lasted, only added to the hatred felt by Elizabeth and others toward Darcy. However, eventually Elizabeth recovered from the emotional damage caused by Wickham, after Darcy had awkwardly informed her of his situation. Eventually as the story progressed both Darcy and Elizabeth grew closer to one another and became more acquainted. Fortunately, because he had had a lot of time to spend with Elizabeth, Darcy began to evolve and come out of his shell around her. After verbally degrading her in the beginning of the novel, Darcy began to feel strongly about Elizabeth and put aside his classist views on life so that he could be with Elizabeth. In the beginning, Darcy initially came across as a wealthy, handsome gentleman whom all the women loved for those two features. One found out, that after reading further into the book, that there was a little more to Darcy, and that he was going to do everything in his power to appeal to Elizabeth, as well as her family. In the end Mrs. Bennet is still is not too fond of Darcy, but she still appreciates him for proposing to her daughter.
Darcy is a shy puppy in the sense that no matter how many times he gets kicked around and rejected by Elizabeth, he always keeps coming back. No matter what she says to him or does to his admiration and love for her keeps him hopeful. Darcy is also like a shy puppy in the sense that at first they are shy and want your attention, and they simply cant express themselves because they are afraid, but after a while, when they get comfortable with you, they well express themselves, like Darcy proposed to Elizabeth.
A modern day counterpart is Batman: he is strong, silent and harbors good intentions, which sometimes goes against the law to do what he thinks is right.

Character analysis 1

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
11/28/09
Elizabeth & Caroline

Elizabeth Bennet is an intelligent woman who conforms to society’s traditions and acts beyond them; she is a woman born in the wrong time.
Elizabeth is distant from many other women in society due to her character. Some women tour the town and flaunt their beauty to men. Elizabeth,however, reads and educates herself. “Lizzy has something more of quickness than her sisters"(Austen 2). One learns soon after reading the first couple of chapters that Elizabeth is too educated for her time. Elizabeth can see through the societal blindfold to a world that is free and not structured upon the ideals of marriage and class. However, Elizabeth willfully puts that blindfold on and adapts to the atmosphere until her knowledge can be spread among others, such as Mr. Darcy. Although Elizabeth has a great understanding of life and morals, she tends to judge people before she is acquainted with them. For someone as educated as herself, this is a major flaw and one that does not benefit herself or others. Her prejudice against others such as Mr. Collins, Mr. Darcy, and Wickham does not benefit herself in any way. After Collins proposed to Elizabeth, it was made clear that “It is impossible for me[Elizabeth] to do otherwise than decline them[the proposal]"(82). Elizabeth’s fault was not in her rejection, but in the reasons for doing so. Although not directly stated, the events leading up to this have been mocking Collins and making fun of his awkward and obsessive nature. Based on her brief acquaintance with Collins and her prejudice against him, Elizabeth leaped without looking, and rejected Collins before she really got to know him. In rejecting Collins not only did she deny herself a husband, but she denied her family their home. Elizabeth does the same thing with Mr. Darcy and Wickham. She is too eager in her assumptions and judges them before she is fully acquainted with them. Despite her tendency to judge, Elizabeth remains above everyone else in terms of intelligence and logic. The vast majority of people today marry for love and to be with one person for the rest of their lives. There are few who still marry for wealth and class, which is what society in the novel expects of young women. Elizabeth is one who would marry because of love and follow our modern day ideals, as opposed to those in her society.
Elizabeth is like a lioness. Like lionesses stalk and choose their prey based on who is the weakest and the easier catch, Elizabeth judges the men in order to find the most appealing one. A lioness is knowledgeable of its surroundings and uses them to her advantage while hunting and defending herself. Elizabeth is aware of the society she lives in and uses her knowledge of the atmosphere and class system to disprove Mr. Darcy’s affection and create a personal attack and rebuttal. Lionesses stand beside the king of the jungle, the lion, as Elizabeth stands beside Darcy.
Elizabeth is Hugh Laurie in the television series House: He constantly strives to be more intelligent than others, as well as find ease in his life.

P & P ch. 16-END

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
11/22/09
P&P

"Because you were grave and silent, ans gave me no encouragement"
"But I was embarrassed"(292).

Thhis quotation relays the similar nature or Darcy and Elizabeth. Both were embarrased to speak to one another and both craved conversation. We have seen Elizabeth as a person who speaks her mind and evokes conversation and doesnt get overwhelmingly embarrassed. By not speaking to Darcy, we have unraveled new information about Elizabeth, that she is not always well spoken and outgoing. Because of this, they are a perfect match. This quotation also further explains to us that Darcy, even this far into the novel, is overrun with emotion and can not contain it. A good gentleman is able to conserve his emotions and release them whenever the oppurtunity presents itself. Because Darcy pushes more towards the conservative side, when he attempts to express his emotions, he fails and lets his emotions present himself.

"She dropt all her resentment; was fonder than ever of Georgiana, almost as attentive to Darcy as therefore, and paid off every arrear of civility to Elizabeth"(297).

This quotation resembles change in a positive way. After reading this book, the concept of change has been burned into my mind. Darcy had to change his lifestyle and character to be with Elizabeth and Elizabeth had to alter her style of living and unconsciously changed her emotions towards Darcy. This novel is all about people altering and changing their lives and societal views. The significance in this quotation is not why Miss Bingley changed, but how. She was introduced as what we would consider today as a straight up B***h. She was desired the attention of Darcy and did everything in her power to reject Elizabeth and decline her acceptance into Darcy's life. At the end of the novel we see that Miss Bingley has not only began to respect Georgiana, but Elizabeth as well. She is as close to Darcy as she was before, which is not surprise. Although she still despised Elizabeth and their marriage, she thought that is would be the lady-like gesture to be respectful while visiting Pemberly. Although the sincerity of her new attitude may not be sincere, change is change, no matter what the motives.

P & P ch.13-15

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
11/19/09
P&P

"Mrs. Bennet was privileged to whisper it to Mrs. Philips, and she ventured, without any permission, to do the same by all her neighbors in Meryton. The Bennets were speedily pronounced to be the luckiest family in the world"(267).

The end of the novel is near and the one things that still astonished me are the altering moods of society. Just a few pages before this chapter, the Bennet family adopted a bad name and bad gossip. Now that Jane and Bingley are engaged, their social status has jumped and it is almost as if the situation with Lydia and the families absurdity never existed. This promotes the idea that relationships and people were the only things to talk about back then. People didn't talk about sports that happened the night before or how their children were doing in school, or anything we do today. There was no technology or what we consider modern entertainment, so you can imagine the boredom that must be felt. Because there is so little to talk about, everything about everyone is known. And because the towns are so small, people are so close, and because of the Bennet family is engaged to a higher class, people worship them more and are more friendly to them. Society in those times were full of bored and snobbish people who would do anything to be noticed and envy those who are.

"Elizabeth had never been more at a loss to make her feelings appear what they were not. It was necessary to laugh, when she would rather have cried"(278).

Now that the man she loves is being verbally tormented in front of her face, Elizabeth develops mournful feeling. Now that she is listening to the tormenting from a different perspective she truly realizes the awfulness and crudeness of what Mr. Bennet was saying. I think she has forgotten the fact that she had said worse, and now that she is the spectator, she becomes more like Darcy in the sense that she is now the one enduring the emotional attack that his words have uncovered. Furthermore, she seems to be blinded by love, for her argumentative character that we have followed through out the novel, has nothing defensive or contradictory so say.

P & P ch.10-12

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
11/18/09
P&P

"Mr. Wickham's adieus were much more affectionate than his wife's. He smiled, looked handsome, and said many pretty things...'He is as fine a fellow...as ever I saw'"(251).

Mr. Bennet's comment are finally appropriate. This quotation explains the evolution of Mr. Bennet's character. He is now finally beginning to say things that are more appropriate and less sarcastic. What is ironic about this however, is the fact that he speaks well of the person that he despised just a few pages earlier. He comments that during their visit Mr. Wickham was presented better and appealed to his liking more than his daughter did. Not only is it weird that he is not speaking highly of the man he despised, but he does not speak that greatly of his own daughter in relation to Wickham.

"She could think of nothing more to say; but if he wished to converse with her, he might have better success. He stood by her, however, for some minutes, in silence"(260).

Earlier in the novel Darcy had explained to Elizabeth that he is not able to converse with those whom he has not met before. In other words, he can not speak well to strangers. Even in the latest stages of the novel, after spending time with Elizabeth and observing her which is what many true admirerers do, he still struggles to speak with her. We would think by now that the nerves have gone away and he has gotten comfortable enough around her to just say what he needs to say, but this is not the case. Some may argue that it is because he is so in love and anxious that he can not motivate himself to speak with her, which is the case in many situations. However, I believe, based on what Darcy had explained earlier, that he still has trouble speaking with her because there is an absence of familiarity between the two. If you think about it, they have not exchanged conversation or emotions enough to grasp a good feeling about one another, just structures theories. He does not speak to Elizabeth because there is still some uncertainty about her, and for the first time, Darcy can not read into someones life in the sense that he can not distinguish the mutual feeling felt by Elizabeth just as he ventured to do with Bingley and Jane.

P & P ch.7-9

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
11/17/09
P&P

"Mr. Bennet had very often wished, before this period of his life, that, instead of spending his whole income, he had laid by an annual sum, for the better provision of his children"(233).

As we previously observed earlier in the text, Mr. Bennet has much more respect for his daughters than Mrs. Bennet, especially Elizabeth. In this quote he confesses that he should have raised more money for his daughters, for what he is to leave for them is not much. What Mr. Bennet doesn't understand is that most of the time in society some type of freedom or lifestyle can not coincide with money or wealth. Someone who had too much money can do whatever they want but may not be happy, like Darcy. Someone who has too little money may be able to experience freedom and a certain lifestyle but only to a certain extent. Furthermore, in society back then and even in ours today, wealth does not coexist with freedom or free will, and if it does, happiness does not.

"And then when you go away, you may leave one or two husbands for them before the winter is over"(241).

For starters, the idea of the youngest daughter marrying before the eldest is completely absurd and tacky in society back then. Secondly, this event has worsened the Bennet name, and deeply upset almost everyone, except for Mrs. Bennet. Lastly, this quotation not only resembles the selfless and unintelligent nature of Lydia, but also the fact that she is just like her mother, who is always thinking about marrying off of her daughters and nothing else in life. Furthermore, this is one of the first times we begin to see not jealousy between the sisters, but an igniting dispute or feelings of negativity between one another.

P & P ch.3-6

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
11/16/09
P&P

"Since writing the above, dearest Lizzy, something has occurred of a most unexpected and serious nature; but i am afraid of alarming you"(206).

First of all, for someone that treats everyone with great kindness and lover her sisters, Jane doesn't seem to be concerned with her sisters journey and future marriage. In her Letters, Jane expresses feelings of shock but not anger, frustration, or concern which is the complete opposite of what Lizzy feels during this situation. Not only is this absurd from a moral standpoint, but Lizzy is well aware of the negative implications that will occur in the event of a marriage. The entire family will be ruined and her sisters will not be married off. This resembles a defining line between people like Lizzy who are knowledgeable and selfless, Lydia, who is more of a party girl and is oblivious to the repercussions of her actions. Furthermore, Jane also states that she did not want to alarm Lizzy, which just comes to show that her caring for other can in fact be a negative trait.

"Let me advise you then...to throw off your unworthy child from your affection for ever, and leave her to reap the fruits of her own heinous offence"(225).

When does it end? Mr. Collins is introduced into the text yet another time under the means of a letter he had written, providing advice regarding the situation with Lydia, to Mr. Bennet. Once again we Lady Catherine's words presented through the voice of Mr. Collins. Advising Mr. Bennet to basically disown his daughter for disgracing the family reflects the law abiding nature of Lady Catherine. As one could assume, this advise may be contemplated, but never permanently established.

P & P, ch. 18-2

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
11/15/09
P&P

"And general disappointment is only warded off by the defense of some little peculiar vexation"(182).

In Elizabeth's thoughts about all of the turmoil going on in her family, she wants an escape and clearly realizes the imperfection and true nature of her family. Thus far it seems as though Elizabeth is the kind of person to harp on anything that is wrong and really voice her opinion on it, when appropriate to do so. Even though she was disappointed in her fathers approval of her sisters journey with the soldiers, as well as various other things, she did not seem as aggravated or annoyed as we would expect her to. She realizes the imperfections of her family and of live, in a broader sense, and i think she realizes that imperfection is not only a common thing but a good thing. If in fact, she were to correct and fix all of the imperfect aspects about her family, Darcy, Jane, etc. then is would all fail or break apart. Things are imperfect for a reason and our world is operational because things aren't always trying to be fixed or perfected.

"But her conclusion was false; for on the very morning after their own arrival at Lambton, these visitors came"(196).

This quotation resembles a part of a sequence of events building up to the marriage of Elizabeth and Darcy. We have seen little burst's of affection or liking on both sides and the rushed introduction of Elizabeth to his sister is one of them.In addition to this, this quotation also resembles the rushed nature of men in a matrimonial situation. Like Mr. Collins, Darcy is rushing the proposal, or events leading up to it, which presents the impatient nature of men, and in result of this, an awkward nature.

P & P volume 2, ch.12-18

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
11/12/09
P&P

"To Rosings he then hastened to console Lady Catherine, and her daughter"(161).

Mr. Collins is an over zealous snob who mimics the emotions of his superior and finds the need to fulfill her goal which is to be praised and recognized. Mr. Collins thus far basically carries out the words, teachings or attitude of Lady Catherine. Whatever his superior wants, he gives her, and whatever she states, he preaches. This aspect or relationship between Lady Catherine and Mr. Collins is significant because Mr. Collins' obsessive and gullible nature represent the failure of becoming an individual which is seen as a peak in social evolution or progression. Mr. Collins is trapped in his own world while everyone else strives to become independent and eventually evolves into intellectual individuals. He seizes to fuse with the social evolution of society. Some may say that Darcy is not social either, but he is in fact independent which something that Collins seizes to obtain.

"Mrs. Collins, you must send a servant with them. You know I always speak my mind, and i cannot bear the idea of two young women traveling post by themselves"(162).

Although it does not seem like much this quotation resembles the controlling and appraisal hungry nature of Lady Catherine. It seems as if she feels the need to dictate peoples lives and critique those who do not live to her standards. As mentioned earlier, she has already gained control over Mr. Collins, and plays him like a puppet, as well as Mrs. Collins. We get the sense that she must be involved in every family and be praised by them, thus the offering of servants, etc. Furthermore, in contrast to Lady Catherine, Elizabeth is very different. She somehow manages to put off or ignore the brutal blows given by Lady Catherine about her family and way about living, which is something that Lady Catherine can not accept. Thus far, Elizabeth is the sole example of a strong, critique for society. She resembles the fact that societal laws and the class system are unnecessary, because happiness or a good life can be achieved without them.

P & P Volume 2, ch. 6-11

Stephen Simmons
Ap English 11/Mr. George
11/9/09
P&P

"Mr. Darcy drew his chair a little towards her, and said, 'You cannot have a right to such very strong social attachment'"(138).

As the novel progresses we begin to see signs of both Darcy's and Elizabeth's inner attraction to one another. During this time period, it was allowed for a man to speak to a woman in a room with the doors shut, but not to write them a letter. More absurdly, it was also not allowed for men to hold or touch woman's hands unless during a dance. The moving of the chair symbolizes an increased comfort in Darcy when around Elizabeth, as well as Darcy's awareness and obligation to follow and respect the societal laws. Furthermore Darcy is becoming certain about himself and Elizabeth but still abides by his socially awkward manner.

"In vain have i struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you"(145).

Finally, the moment we have all been waiting for. Although Darcy doesn't sweep Lizzy off of her feet or woo her for that matter, we finally see Darcy's feeling for Elizabeth at their peak. For an intelligent guy like Darcy, love has blinded him. Considering the rumors and speculation that has been shared amoung the people, Elizabeth being one of them, as well as Darcy's direct involvment in the end of Jane and Bingley's relationship, Darcy is far too in love with Elizabeth to determine the negative reaction/rejection from Elizabeth, which he could have seen coming. For a man of his intelligence we would have thought that Darcy of all people would be able to put the pieces together and realize that somethings can always be done at any given time. In comparison to Mr. Collins' proposal, Darcy begins with facts as to why Elizabeth should not marry him, and then proceeds with an emotional appeal, where as Mr. Collins smothered Lizzy with facts and logic with no emotional appeal. Both proposals were pathetic for men of their class and intelligence, however, Darcy we must remember does not have the "experience" or any idea as to how he must express himself.

P & P ch. 2-5

Stephen Simmons
Ap English 11/Mr. George
11/8/09
P&P

"'But it will not do for us. We do not suffer by accident. It does not often happen that the interference of friends will persuade a young man of independent fortune to think no more of a girl, whom he was violently in love with only a few days before"(109).

This quotation states the fact that everything in this novel happens for a reason, and that the unorganized lifestyle that we live today did not exist back then. This also introduces the clever but blind nature of Elizabeth. She is so fixed on discovering and concluding the direct result of a situation instead of living in the moment. Instead of solely focussing on Jane, even though she does to some extent, Elizabeth is equally focused on discovering the truth and looking more into things that need be.

"Change of scene might be of service-and perhaps a little relief from home, may be as useful as anything"(109).

This is one of the only times that we are intoduced the the word "home" in this novel, however, it is not introduced in a positive manner. Home represents the chaotic nature life for Jane with her family and close to Bingley. It is theorized that relief from this negative enviornment could help Jane. This represents Mrs. Gardeners good will. Throughout the novel so far, we have gotten a sense that good will or good nature lacks in the many characters. This is one of the first instance where good will or good intent is introduced, finally!! Although Mrs. Gardener means well through her invitation to Jane, we must consider that fact that unlike Elizabeth, Mrs. Gardener throughout her time spent with Jane live only to endure the emotional agony that Jane is going through, rather than to accomplish. Furthermore, true love, unfortunately, does not require good will to flourish, it will bloom on its own over tiem.

P & P ch.21-1

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
11/5/09
P&P

"It was a long time before she became at all reconciled to the idea of so unsuitable a match...Charlotte's opinion of matrimony was not exactly like her own, but she could not have supposed it possible that when called into action, she would have sacrificed every better feeling to worldly advantage"(96).

The topic of marriage or more specific, the repercussions of marriage are arisen from the engagement of Collins and Charlotte. Based on the three types of marriage discussed in class, mercenary marriage, prudent marriage, and love marriage, the engagement and future marriage of Collins and Charlotte seem not to fit any of the criteria of those categories. Instead their situation uncovers a new type of marriage, one that involves little affection toward one another and no itching desire for money or a higher rank in the class system. Basically, their engagement is supported under false pretenses. By repercussions of marriage i am talking about the rippling effect that it has on those in the surrounding atmosphere. This marriage forces Elizabeth to realize that even Charlotte, her best friend, may find happiness where nobody else can. Elizabeth further realizes that people do not always see things similarly to herself. Furthermore, it is possible to see the good in someone if nobody else does, just as Jane does.

"Two inferences, however, were plainly deduced from the whole; one that Elizabeth was the real cause of all the mischief; and the other, that she herself had been barbarously used by them all; and on these two points she principally dwelt during the rest of the day"(98)

It is no mystery that Elizabeth is not Mrs. Bennet's biggest fan, however here we see the true disliking of Elizabeth emerge. According to the mother of the household Elizabeth is to blame for all of the mischief and mishap that goes on around Mrs. Bennet, who becomes the victim of it all. This portrays the lack of intelligence or manners that are harbored in Mrs. Bennet, as well as illuminates her outlandish style of going about life. It is kind of ironic that both Elizabeth and Mrs. Bennet view one another as an embarrassment or disruption.

P & P ch. 17-20

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
11/4/09
P&P

"Let me recommend you, however, as a friend, not to give implicit confidence to all his assertions; for as to Mr. Darcy's using him ill, it is perfectly false; for, on the contrary, he has been always remarkably kind to him, though George Wickham has treated Mr. Darcy, in a most infamous manner"(72).

This quotations informs the reader of a couple of things. One of which being that Mr. Wickham is in fact not who he says he is. The other being that Miss Bingley, although relatively jealous of Elizabeth informs her of Wickhams faultiness. Wickham is first introduces as a very well presented person, however, after realizing who he truly is one gets the sense that he abuses love or opportunity, which he does by lying to Elizabeth. Furthermore although Miss Bingley pleads for the attention of Mr. Darcy herself, she finds it in the best interest to help Elizabeth, which promotes the idea of classes supporting each other.

"Her cousin prefaced his speech with a solemn bow, and though she could not hear a word of it, she felt as if hearing it all, and saw in the motion of his lips the words 'apology,' 'Hunsford,' and 'Lady Catherine de Bourgh.'-It vexed her to see him expose himself to such a man...and Mr. Darcy's contempt seemed abundantly increasing with the length of his second speech"(74).

This quotation portrays the obnoxious nature of Mr. Collins and even the humblest and controlling individual is even vexed by his presence. In this short section Collins approaches Darcy and insists on continuously speaking to him when it is quite obvious that the feelings are not mutual. This resembles Collins' inability to accept rejection whether it be spoken directly or alluded to indirectly. In addition, this also resembles the very controlled character of Mr. Darcy. Throughout Collins' excessive speeches Darcy develops feeling of anger and becomes annoyed, however, he does not say a word against Collins and establishes to us further that he is the greater gentleman.

P & P Ch. 11-16

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
11/3/09
P&P

"They were not welcomed at their coming, and thought them very wrong to give so much trouble, and was sure Jane would have caught cold again.-But their father, thought very laconic in his expressions of pleasure, was really glad to see them"(45).

This quotation once again exemplifies the over obsessive nature of Mrs. Bennet. After getting the cold and being sick for numerous days, Mrs. Bennet insists that her daughters return home without a carriage, as Jane did when going to the Bingley's previously, in hopes that Jane will once again get sick and be forced to stay even longer at the Bingley's residence. This quotation and instance in the novel furthermore depicts the substantial difference between Mr. and Mrs. Bennet which is that Mr. Bennet is more laid back and appreciative of his daughters no matter what their social or romantic status is.

"Mr. Collins was punctual to his time, and was received with great politeness by the whole family. Mr. Bennet indeed said little; but the ladies were ready enough to talk, and Mr. Collins seemed neither in need of encouragement, nor inclined to be silent himself"(48).

In this chapter we are first introduced to Mr. Bennet's cousin, Mr. Collins. Despite his awkward nature he comes across as a very well spoken and well mannered individual. One thing to take note of in this section of the chapter is the fact that when Collins precedes with complimenting the women in the room Mrs. Bennet almost immediately responds as she sees Collins as an eligible suitor for one of her daughters. This not only once again reflects on the persistent nature of Mrs. Bennet but on the importance of the Bennet home, for Collins is the (un-rightful) heir to the estate.

P&P 7-10

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
10/1/09
P&P 7-10

"When dinner was over, she returned directly to Jane, and Miss Bingley began abusing her as soon as she was out of the room. Her manners were pronounced to be very bad indeed, a mixture of pride and impertinence; she had no conversation, no style, no beauty"(Austen 25-26)

This quotation exemplifies the strictness of the class system and how those who live in the higher classes disrespect and harp on the negative qualities of those in the inferior classes. Mr. Binglie's sister and Mrs. Hurst take Elizabeth's presence as an opportunity to harp on all of her bad qualities and and attack her pride. They disrespectfully state that she acts on pride and ignorence and because of that, Elizabeth has no style and elegance to her. Although her behavior is seen as rude and improper, one could look at Elizabeth's behavior as superior to the others for she does not seem to be so obsessively blinded and controlled by the strict class system.

"Mrs. Bennet and her daughter then departed, and Elizabeth returned instantly to Jane, leaving her own and her relations' behavior to the remarks of the two ladies and Mr. Darcy; the latter of whom, however, could not be prevailed on to join in their censure of HER, in spite of all Miss Bingley's witticisms on FINE EYES"(34)

This quotation refutes the assumption that most members of the upper class think negatively of those in the lower class. Although Darcy is expected to join in the further mocking of Elizabeth, based on his social status, he does not. It is also in this chapter that we begin to see Darcy emerging from his cacoon of anxiety and social awkwardness and finding the courage to ask Elizabeth to dance. Although she says no, this is not only a large step for Darcy but class refuting example for all.

P&P 1

Stephen Simmons
AP English/Mr. George
10/29/09
P&P quotes

"If I can but see one of my daughters happily settled at Netherfield," said Mrs. Bennet to her husband, "and all the others equally well married, I shall have nothing to wish for"(Austen 5).

This quotation said by Mrs. Bennet informs the reader of a womans role in society at the time in women who are married and are soon to be married. Mrs. Bennet presents her obsession with marrying off all of her daughters to men with great wealth and in a higher social class. We get the sense from the first couple of chapters that Mrs. Bennet's obsesion with marrying off her daughters consumes her life and is currently her lifestyle. The role of the unmarried women in society are unvealed through Mrs. Bennets and Mrs. Lucas' attitude and goals. The role of unmarried women according to the mothers in society is to marry into a higher class or into happiness.

"She is tolerdable; but not handsome enough to tempt me; and I am in no humour at present to give consequence to young ladies who are slighted by other men" (7-8).

This quotation introduces the social awkwardness found in Mr. Darcy. Instead of accepting his good friends advice and introducing himself to Elizabeth we indirectly get a sense of Mr. Darcy's inability to properly communicate and express his true feelings which he internally harnesses but can not become aware of momentarily. The context of the quote also hints at the role of wealthy men in society which is basically to do whatever they want.

Illustrations of the Tao

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
10/20/09
Illustrations of the Tao

I believe that the most important aspect of the Tao are the Duties to Parents, Elders, Ancestors. It may seem as if this law is worthless compared to the other stated by Lewis, however i believe that it is the simplest and most significant because we have been following it our whole lives. Since we are born we are taught to love our piers and be respectful to others, but more importantly to those who gave us life and those who influenced us, even if they negatively influenced us. I feel that if we were to dispel all other laws and aspects that Lewis states, we would find that they all sort of revolve around this one. I have always been told that when something goes wrong, whether you break your arm or even the law and your actions become unjust, that my family will always be there for me. Now, as corny as that sounds, or even if you absolutely hate your parents or elders with the passion, they will always be there for you. It is our obligation to show them respect so that we wont only receive love and compassion back, but respect as well.

An additional aspect that could be added to Lewis' list of aspects could be that of insight or subjective value. The Tao or natural law is constructed around the value of objectivism. I personally believe that what needs to be added to Lewis' list of aspects is a small fraction of subjectivism or insight. If we see things objectively we see things through a very clear lens. However, we as humans need to incorporate emotions and our own insight on things into what we see because that is what defines us. Objective art, for example, is art that leaves little room for interpretation. What enhances art is the multiple ways in which one can interpret it and give their own insight or perception. It is not bad to see things differently that everyone else or see things differently than they actually are. This is also what makes our youth so interesting and happy all of the time. They see things in a completely different way we do, or an objective person would, which allows them to sort of acknowledge their inner self. I am not saying that personal insight is the way to go or that the teachings of The Green Book were right, but that they most certainly should not be discredited.

The Abolition of Man

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
10/19/09
Abolition of man

"But once our souls, that is, ourselves, have been given up, the power thus conferred will not belong to us. We shall in fact be the slaves and puppets of that to which we have given our souls"(Lewis 72).

"But a wholly transparent world is an invisible world. To 'see through' all things is the same as not to see"(81).

In the third and final section of the text, Lewis describes a world based on subjective values and the abolition of man. If, perhaps, subjectivists triumph, and the to Tao or objective value is diminished someone with overruling power would have to create their own natural law or moral law. What Lewis says is that when everyone truly stops believing in the Tao and give up our souls, we will all become slaves the greater power. Lewis also explains that if we do perhaps change world values and see beyond objectiveness and the world, then the new values or values of life will be of no value. We would simply be Abolishing man.

The Way

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
10/18/09
The Way

"This thing which I have called for convenience the Tao, and which others may call Natural Law or Traditional Morality or the First Principles of Practical Reason or the First Platitudes, is not one among a series of possible systems of value. It is the sole source of all value judgments. If it is rejected, all value is rejected...The human mind has no more power of inventing a new value than of imagining a new primary color, or, indeed, of creating a new sun and a new sky for it to move in"(Lewis 43-44).

"Those who understand the spirit of the Tao and who have been led by that spirit can modify it in directions which that spirit itself demands" (47).

The Way is an argument based more on morality and the erroneous nature of The Green Book. In this section Lewis argues that once someone rejects the idea of objectiveness and appeals more towards the subjective side of life, that they are making it impossible for themselves to rebuild or construct a clear and logical basis for morality. Lewis further argues that If you do reject the Tao or Natural law, that you are rejecting yourself and life itself. It is not only until one understands the Tao or law of human nature, that one can become "open" to no values.

Men Without Chests

Stephen Simmons
AP Englsih 11/Mr. George
10/15/09
"Men Without Chests"

"The schoolboy who reads this passage in The Green Book will believe two propositions: firstly, that all sentences containing a predicate of value are statements about the emotional state of the speaker, and secondly, that all such statements are unimportant"(Lewis 4).

"The operation of The Green Book and its kind is to produce what may be called Men without Chests"(25).

Lewis' argument in the section Men Without Chests is basically that the average student is taught more about subjective value, rather than what should be taught, objective value. Lewis says that denying objective value is like denying something in our belief system of every advanced civilization. Lewis goes on to talk about how many religions in fact have arrived at similar objective values or standards and that when these values or standards are put off or ignored there are no regulators to tell a man to act morally. Ultimately, Lewis is basically arguing that The Green Book has created and taught subjective values and that the wrong ideals and morals in life are the right ones to follow. Students, in addition, lack character (chests)and individuality, in result of this.

Letter from Birmingham Jail Analysis

Stephen Simmons
AP English/Mr. George
10/14/09
Appeals Essay

Letter from Birmingham Jail Analysis

Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the most inspirational speakers and writers during the sixties. His words did not only move, but changed people in an indescribable manor. In his Letter from Birmingham Jail, King intertwined the three appeals as well as diction and syntax in order to send a message and to critique those who discriminated against himself and his race. In this letter, King peacefully touches the hearts of many by transferring his emotions through his writing. He most certainly had a gift, and the credentials to go along with it, which is one of the reasons as to why Kings argument is so persuasive. However, although character, talent, and the cause were very important aspects in creating this letter, Kings greatest appeal was his use of emotion throughout the text.
King’s argument captures the attention of the audience because of his aggressive and amazingly ego piercing use of emotion. He uses emotion in collaboration with logos to capture the heart and souls of his audience and to refute any arguments or points that can be made against him. Furthermore, King intertwines logic into his emotional, non conformist argument by referring to the frustration and pain of others, rather than an individual or himself. He also uses phrases such as, “When you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim”(King 742) and, “When you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six-year-old daughter why she cant go to the public amusement park…”(742). Kings writing is home to so much emotion and diction such as “you” which is what ultimately carries his arguments. By using the word “you” he attempts to transfer his pain and his frustration to the audience so that they can feel what the black race is going to and so that they, the white moderate, might find it in their hearts to make a change and to belittle the racist tension in society.
However, although King so greatly paints a clear picture of the tragedies that occur each day in their society and builds his argument to a fantastic climax, he pauses in his speech, calming the tension between author and reader and then states his conclusion. King very intelligently does this after portraying his emotion to the reader which makes his argument all the more effective. He so peacefully but aggressively goes on with his argument and emotional examples and pauses so that his previously stated points simmer in the minds of the reader. “Then you will understand why we find it difficult to wait”(742). This is a very bold statement to make, especially considering all of the violent and gruesome images he fastened in the audience’s mind, which is what proves to the white moderate that he means business.
It is quite obvious that an average black man, or any man for that matter would be able to appeal such an argument as King’s in the fashion that he does. This is why King feels that it is necessary to establish his character to make the reader aware that he is qualified to make such an appeal. For starters, King was a black man in the sixties who was considered inferior due to the color of his skin. Furthermore, the white moderate during that time would not even think about listening to a black man, let alone consider what he has to say. King also is imprisoned at this time which worsens his circumstances a lot. It is crucial that King made his argument so precise and logical, because the audience would look for any wrong statement or idea in order to refute his argument. Kings racial background and his current situation does not help to strengthen his argument which is why he addresses the audience as his fellow clergymen, as well as addressing the fact that he is in fact a religious person himself, which is very important when he criticizes the church. In addition to that, King also referenced many intelligent, historical figures as well as what they said. All of these things act as patches for any holes that may be present in his argument. He most certainly lets the reader know that he is in fact a credible and daring individual.
By fusing all of these appeals together and by harping on mainly emotion, King created one of the most powerful arguments in history. By peacefully attacking the wrongs of the white moderate and incorporating aggressive diction and phrases such as “fear-drenched” and “victims of a broken promise” King is able to tell his story as well as correct societies as if he were standing right beside you. Through his syntax of the appeals and different sentences King was able to engrave terrible images into your head, as well as use logic and true facts to support it, making the fear all the more frightening.
There aren’t many words to describe the stupendous argument that King made throughout his letter, other than “mind-blowing.” Someone from that time period who harbored no respect from others and received the treatment of an animal, was able to chip the racial boundary of blacks and whites. King was not just an ordinary man who absorbed the hardships of the time, but something a little more than that. Through his astonishing use of emotion and a little logic here and there, as well as many other literary elements, King was able to breach the blockaded hearts of those who hated him. In addition, he did all of this with not one hint of violence or severe aggression. King was no different from you and me, but he had a goal, and because he raised this goal with so much love and emotion, we are where we stand today because of him.

Letter from Birmingham Jail Notes

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
10/7/09
Notes/outline

Use of Pathos (emotion):
• “I guess it is…”(742)
o This sections main appeal is pathos. However, King uses vivid imagery and aggressive diction to powerfully build up to his climax and in doing so incorporates no punctuation that would allow the reader to rest, in order to instill into the human beings reading the letter, the same exhaustion that he himself had felt, as well as many others.

o King uses his diction cleverly throughout his long winded paragraph which could be seen as an ingenious attack against the person, or the unjust white folk. He uses parallel structure repeating the words, “when you” to triumph over the emotions of his audience. He incorporates the word “you” to convey himself and his frustration to the audience as well as barter emotions from his ink to your heart.

o King, as his comprehensive, emotional rampage comes to a close, he wanes his argument, incorporates a pause, and then states his conclusion and hopes that the audience will to understand their impatience. It seems as if he does this to make a stupendous argument that will engrave itself into your mind, only to courteously ask for it to be considered.

• His pathos and mind altering imagery seem to follow logic which introduce or support his opinions. Furthermore, ethos seems to follow pathos which he used to assure the audience that he is faithful to certain things and forever will be, such as the church. However, he does not jerkily showcase his profession or life achievements. He speaks of himself, and the emotions of others, as he would anyone else, or for a “whole” and not a “piece.”

Use of Logos (logic):
• “Was not Jesus an extremist…”(747)
o Most if not all of Kings logical statements are supported or presented with emotion or opinion.
o He uses logic to deny claims made about himself and Negroes in general.
o Logos is used in throughout the letter to prove, not show off, his intelligence.
o King fuses logic and emotion to make a point or introduce an idea to the audience in which he is going to defend.
 “We have waited for…”(742)
• Kings opinions on the church on impatience/waiting, on just and unjust laws are a combination of emotion, opinion logic, that isn’t defined but implied, and aggressive diction, as well as clever use of syntax. Like in an essay the realistic points that King makes only strengthen his ideals more, as well as assemble barriers in which error can not penetrate.

Use of Ethos (character):
• King in a variety of sections in his letter not only addresses the character of himself to disprove any negative attributes that one could acquire from him, but he also discusses the character of others.
• “We decided to set…”(740)
o King describes the impatience and neediness for direct action in the people as well as himself. He established the character of the demonstrators, who were fully aware of the repercussions of their actions/direct actions.
• “I say it was a minister of the gospel…”(748)
o Through his characterizations of not only himself, but others, it seems as if he uses these descriptions to not only assure the audience but to make known to the audience that he very well knows that he is talking about, and that he isn’t attempting to call out the white folk on every minor, troubling detail, but that he is just like any other person who is well aware of their social status feels the need to allocate his frustration and eagerness for change.

• Syntax and Diction:
o “I guess it is…”(742)
o “We have waited for more than three hundred and forty years…”(742)
o “I don’t believe you would…”(751)
o “If I have said anything in this letter that is an overstatement of the truth and is indicative of an unreasonable impatience, I beg you to forgive me. If I had said anything in this letter that is an understatement of the truth and is indicative of my having a patience that makes me patient with anything less than brotherhood, I beg God to forgive me”(752)
o “I hope this letter…”(752-753)
• He uses syntax and diction to make the audience feel the emotions he is feeling and to paint very descriptive images in the readers mind. He also uses syntax to make the reader feel not only the emotional frustration and power in his writing, but the physical as well. In conclusion, he also uses syntax to make his arguments or rampages seem like well thought out, powerful argument and not an attack against the audience or white folk.

Fallacy Examples

Hasty Generalization: Burkhard, the German man stole my car. Therefore all Germans are thieves.

Stereotype: All Mexicans living in America are illegal.

Cause and Effect: Ever since "new" rap introduced itself into the world it has seemed to display that murder, sex, and drugs are good things, which seems to be corrupting our youth. Thus, the evolution of rap and new/modern day rap is the sole reason as to why our youth is "falling between the cracks."

Only Cause: We can completely erase heart attacks from our futures if we exercise every single day.

False Analogy: Like Love, if you stretch an elastic band too far it will snap, just like your relationship.

Attacking the Person: Billy Bob is trying to explain the negative repercussions that come along with smoking and drinking, But he is just a white, virtuous christian, so we are not going to listen.

Either-Or Fallacy: Either we go all the way back home to get the food we prepared, or we cancel our road trip.

Non-sequitur: I can do anything i wish, because i am a student.

Circular Reasoning: Bob is such a nice person. He went to school. He should be the president of the United States.

Beginning the question: Everyone thinks that homework is fun.

Syllogisms

incorrect:

winter is cold
freezers are cold
freezers are winter

freezers is not a season.

rainbows are colorful
hippies are colorful
rainbows are hippies

Hippies are not inanimate objects.

trucks are heavy
my brother is heavy
my brother is a truck

my brother is a human being

all women are geniuses
Sarah Palin is a woman
Sarah Palin is a genius

Not all women are genius's (Sarah Palin is not a genius)

correct:

Socrates is a man
all men are mortal
Socrates is mortal

All plants grow
Trees grow
Trees are plants

No human is immortal
Dennis is a human
Dennis is not immortal

Exercise is beneficial to your body
walking is a type of exercise
walking is Beneficial to your body

proposal

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
10/2/09
Proposal

I remember the first time you asked if I loved you, and I couldn’t reply. I’ve been rerunning that clip in my mind for the past months, analyzing every minute factor that night, the weather, atmosphere, my day prior to that night, and I couldn’t uncover my dilemma. As time passed, minutes felt like hours, and hours days, the sun turned to rain, and a smile, into a frown. My heart, chiseled into two, became nothing more than dead weight. Then one day in the park, I saw this couple, the guy had just come back from a funeral or something because I over heard them talking, and he was laughing. For a moment I was overcome with confusion and then I noticed, that they were holding hands, like we are now. Jane Doe, there aren’t words to describe the abundant amount of agony that I have gone through to find the answer to your question, I have torn my heart to pieces and scoured my brain for the right answer. What I didn’t realize is that it was in front of me the whole time. Jane Doe, when I am with you I become a person that I have never seen before. Life has become more to me than just life, it has become love. Every day we are together I discover something new about myself, but more importantly you. My life has become something more than just another song, but a symphony. I hear and feel music differently, taste food as I have never tasted it before. Because of you, my life has transformed into something incredible. I know it may sound as if I am speaking for me, but if I am then please deny this notion.
Jane Doe, I have met many people in my life, but none with as much beauty and grace as you. You are nice, sweet, gorgeous, and things that words don’t dare describe. You are an angel compared to myself and deserve much better than me. You could easily sweep any man off of his feet with your charm, self and beauty, but I promise you that no man will ever treat you and worship you the way I do. You know, some people say that opposites attract, so why not test it. I am a good person, I go to church every holiday and give money to homeless people every once and a while. I care for those that need caring and keep safe those that I do care for. I am not asking you to put my theories to the test for scientific purposes or for my own pleasure, but to never let go of my hand for when I am with you nothing else matters.
I am not going to tell you that I have always felt a strange attraction to you since the first time we met because that isn’t true. Love at first sight is but a saying. However love that grows and progresses over a period of time and flourishes is true. There is no simple way to express my affection to you but I love you. We have been together for quite some time now and this question has lingered in my mind for long enough. You are the one for me. If you chose to bless me with your hand in marriage I promise that I will never hurt you. That I will love you and cherish you for as long as I live. I know it will be hard and t hat we will have rough times and good times. However, I know that there is nothing we won’t be able to get by. No matter how hard I try to make this sound good, words cannot explain my feelings for you. I love you Jane Doe from the bottom of my heart…
Will you marry me?

Mr. Collins Proposal Analysis

Stephen Simmons
AP English/Mr. George
9/28/09
Proposal Analysis

Mr. Collins’ proposal or argument is ineffective because he fails to use pathos, he uses logos and fails to appeal to Elizabeth through his foolish reasoning and ideals.

Mr. Collins initiates his proposal by talking about Elizabeth and praising qualities that he is attributing to her “unwillingness…natural delicacy” and explaining why it was that he had chosen her to marry. However, he falls short, and does not enlighten Elizabeth about any of his qualities, or any emotions or feeling he may have for her. This is one of the many mistakes Mr. Collins makes throughout his proposal. Proceeding his opening explanation, Mr. Collins lacks pathos because he deliberately states three reasons as to why he must marry Elizabeth, that have more to do with logic and convenience than any kind of emotion. It is as if is reading them from a proposal for dummies book, he says:

“My reasons for marrying are, first, that I think it a right thing for every clergyman in easy circumstances (like myself) to set the example of matrimony in his parish. Secondly, that I am convinced it will add very greatly to my happiness; and thirdly – which perhaps I ought to have mentioned earlier, that it is the particular advice and recommendation of the very noble lady whom I have the honor of calling patroness”(Austen)

Mr. Collins lacks pathos because his proposal relies on reason and logic, and no emotion. Although Mr. Collins uses logic and reason to make a case for Elizabeth to accept his offer, he uses his knowledge and logic in the wrong way. His reasons circle around him and only him. His desire to have a wife, to please Lady de Bourgh and help the Bennet Family out. He does not cause his words to naturally flow from his heart, but from his head and selfishness. After unconvincingly stating the reasoning for his proposal Mr. Collins produces many arguments as to why Elizabeth must be with him. He states that if Elizabeth were to marry him, that she could keep their families home in the family because Collins would inherit the estate after Elisabeth’s father’s death. Mr. Collins keeps digging himself into more and more trouble, and as he does so, no real emotion or human feeling is expressed.
Although there is no real emotion or feelings in his initial proposal and other arguments, one could also argue that although his intentions and approach seem a little unorthodox or wrong, but considering the time period, Collins does make a good offer in the sense that he would allow her family to still live in their home and not be left with nothing and marrying Collins would be in the best interest for not only Elizabeth, but for her family as well.
Mr. Collins, after enduring one of many waves of rejection simply responds by saying:

“that it is usual with young ladies to reject the addresses of the man whom they secretly mean to accept, when he first applies for their favor; and that sometimes the refusal is repeated a second or even a third time. I am therefore by no means discouraged by what you have just said, and shall hope to lead you to the alter ere long”

Mr. Collins has no emotion and lacks pathos; he is blind to anything that may be seen as not logical. Elizabeth rejects him more than one time and he continues to bring up foolish points about women and her economic standpoint. Throughout the whole proposal it is obvious that his speech is exquisite. However, the means in which he speaks is not. Throughout the proposal Mr. Collins uses his own logic to make things worse by assuming he knows the ways of women’s rejection and does not take Elizabeth seriously. Mr. Collins lacks the only thing that many women would agree completes a proposal, pathos.

Huck Finn Essay

Stephen Simmons
AP English 11/Mr. George
9/16/09
Huck Finn Notes

“Jim was most ruined, for a servant, because he got so stuck up on account of having seen the devil and been rode by witches”(Twain 15)

“He dressed Jim up in King Lear’s outfit-it was a long curtain-calico gown, and a white horse-hair wig and whiskers; and then he took his theatre-paint and painted Jim’s face and hands and ears…Then the duke took and wrote out a sign on a shingle so-‘Sick Arab-but harmless when not out of his head.’”(169)

o Racism is a pressing issue in the novel and is used to bring awareness to the, what we would see as, as corrupt society. Twain uses the character of Jim to specifically let the reader and white people living in this society, that racism was not a good thing or something that should be considered acceptable. All people should be able to do the same things and be able to coexist and have emotions. In Jims case, he basically cant do any of those things, he isn’t allowed to be stuck up, or do whatever he wants.
o Although during that time period, blacks were the main focus of racism, they weren’t the only ones. In order to hide the fact that Jim was black, due to Jim not wanting to “play” the role of a slave any longer, the duke disguised him as a sick Arab. In today’s and in the mind of someone who is sane, that action is considered very disrespectful and offensive to Arabs. This just comes to show that people were racist, not just against blacks, but against other ethnicities. Twains main point here is that racism is a bad thing, and as he uses Hucks emotional and mental evolution throughout his journey to explain, that life without racial conflict can be good, and that home or society, can be a home or society without this conflict and other negative ideals (the raft as home).

“When I got down out of the tree, I crept along down the river bank a piece, and found the two bodies laying in the edge of the water…I cried a little when I was covering up Buck’s face, for he was mighty good to me”(127)

o Twain uses the example of the Gangerfords and Shepardsons to explain that there is a lot more to be changed than racial issues. As important as family is, and proper behavior is to some people in this society (Toms relatives)others seem to let is role off their back. In both the Gangerfords and Shepardsons family human life or death, or even morals seem to be out of the picture. They fight, some people die, and for a cause in which they cant even remember because it has been so long. When the violent fight between families has ended, Huck finds himself crying to the deceased body of a friend whom he had only known for a short while. Sure, Huck got over it, but what Twain is trying to say is that society and its inhabitants should not be so hateful, so corrupt, that they kill for a lost cause, and that Families should be more like the ideal family, happy, loving, caring, and most importantly, protective.

Other points:

Twain critiques society by basically stating that what society has done in the novel is the wrong path to take, and that in order to enjoy life like Huck, we have to let go of all the struggles and criticism, racism, and absurd behavior. He does this through Hucks journey and emotional, and mental transformation.
Society can also be critiqued by the society of the antebellum south. Society back then would critique others who do not believe in their ideals by saying that you should be racist and powerful. And that you should live life according to societies expectations, etc.
Even further, society can be critiqued through Huck. Although very similar to Twains critiquing, Huck critiques society by saying that life without all of the troubles of the one he grew up in and racism, sexism, and all of that good stuff, can be just as good, if not even better that life with all of those negative ideals.
Twain also critiques morals. When the “duke” and “king” make their big con, pretending to be the gentlemen who inherit their families gold, Huck hides the money from the duke and king in so they don’t get it and it is given to its rightful owner/the family of the deceased. In a way Huck is sort of Twain as a character in the novel in the sense he uses Huck, and small instances in the novel, to state what the right thing to do would be.

COMC notes-Honor

Stephen Simmons
AP English/Mr. George
9/10/09
COMC notes

“I should be looked upon as a man who has broken his word and failed in his engagements. If I lived you would be ashamed of my name. When I am dead, you will raise your head and say ‘I am the son of him who killed himself because, for the first time in his life, he was unable to keep his word.’ Now…leave me alone and keep your mother away. Once more farewell…”(Dumas 185)

-Honor plays a very significant role in the life of Morrel because it decided his fate. Based on tradition, he felt it necessary to commit suicide because he was unable to honor his promises and word.
-Honor, is simply a concept that was strongly believed in at that particular time during the novel, not life or death!!!
-Morrel was simply following the standards of society and based on his hesitation, had no desire to die anytime soon.

“Then he turned to the clock again; he no longer counted by minutes, but by seconds. Taking the weapon once more, he opened his mouth with his eyes on the clock…a cold perspiration broke out on his forehead and he was seized by a mortal anguish”(185)

-someone who is honorable is respectful and does things in the best interest for others. By Morrel taking his life, the only thing that was truly being solved was that there would be one less mouth to feed. There is no respect in leaving your family with your problems and telling your son to do better.
- the concept of honor and honoring your family is not honorable at all. In Morrel’s case, he would be dishonorable by following tradition and the standards of society and leaving his mess for someone else to clean up.

“He put the pistol to his mouth…Suddenly he heard a cry…It was his daughter’s voice. He turned round and saw Julie. The pistol dropped from his hands.”

“Father! ‘cried the girl out of breath and overcome with joy.’ You are saved! You are saved”

-Honor plays a huge role in Morrels case in term of Karma. Morrel was a good guy. He fought for Dantes’ freedom from prison, promoted Dantes to Captain, etc.
-Because he was so honorable to Dantes, Dantes, was honorable towards him in saving his life and by restoring Morrel emotionally and financially

Monte Cristo Notes

Stephen Simmons
Mr. George/AP English 11
9/9/09
Notes

Dantes’ Playing God:


• Dantes attempted to carry out divine or heavenly justice where he believed justice was not being done. This was a result of...

o His life being taken away from him. (He had a great life before prison)
o He was betrayed and put in prison under false pretenses
o He was attempting to right a wrong that was done to him
o He felt that society was not punishing those that wronged him

 “During these hours of meditation, which had passed like so many seconds, he had formed a terrible resolution and taken a fearful oath.”(Dumas 97).

o He tries to control everything around him and develops an all controlling, un-depictable personality during his return and hunt for vengeance.

• He tried to do things beyond his reach and human capabilities, as he learns later in the novel, his god-like actions weren’t pursued for the best.

o Took other peoples lives into his own hands
o Determined the fate of others

It wasn’t until later, that he realized the ripples of his actions were ripples of sin and regret:
 “And as though fearing that the walls of the accursed house would fall and crush him, he rushed into the street, doubting for the first time whether he had the right to do what he had done.” (568 )
(Dantes aspires to be like God, to do things greater than himself).


• Like heaven for God, Dantes also has a heaven like domain, the Isle of Monte Cristo.

Huckleberry Finn Essay

Stephen Simmons AP English/Mr. George 9/25/09
The Correction of Races

People express their likes and dislikes, their hopes and fears and support and prejudice about people. Some use the media like television to advocate for their positions or their views about certain groups with a fancy suit and an American flag standing in the shadows. Others use other means to reach their audience through writing, through stories or through song and dance. However, it is not the medium you use to speak your mind it is the message that you are transmitting through this medium that is the most important. Mark Twain in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, uses his gift for storytelling to speak out about the people of the antebellum south. He uses the characters as well as inanimate objects in the novel to critique antebellum society and paint a new picture of what life should have been like in the old south.
One of the most important characters, when discussing Twain's method of critiquing the society, at that time through different characters in the novel, is Jim, and more importantly the relationship between Huck and Jim. The character of Jim in the novel represents a dividing line between Huck and the other ideal antebellum people of the south at that time. When Jim is first introduced into the novel, he is introduced as a slave, a man that works for a white family and waits on them hand and foot. After claiming to have "magical powers" and escaping from his masters, the character Jim, becomes something more than a slave or an un-free black American, he becomes a friend and a human in the eyes of few. During his adventure with Huck Finn, Jim is required to disguise himself to prevent people from basically telling on him and Huck, and as a result returning him to slavery. Although there was a large reward put out for the missing African American slave, Huck surprisingly did not turn him in or uncover his whereabouts, because he himself had a bounty on him and was being sought because he had escaped and framed his father for his fake murder. Many people say that when one is on a journey, or in the war with others that one grows closer to their "brothers" even if they hate them with the passion. It took him a while, but Huck Finn, after contemplating his assistance in helping a black slave escape, realized that they were basically equal, and would die or get into an abundant amount of trouble together. He realized that it isn't what is on the outside that makes someone worth your time, but the kind of person they are on the inside. Huck saw that Jim was something other than a worthless slave, but a good friend who desired something of equal value that Huck took for granted, freedom.. Mark Twain uses the character Jim to portray that blacks should not be treated like dogs and be forced to work their whole lives, but that society has made a mistake, and the people that society seems to despise the most, are people who should have the same rights as all.
In every person, there is some characteristic, some attribute that separates them from the rest. There were many slaves before the civil war all around the world, especially in the South. However, Twain used one character to tell a story to show the laws and ideals that the people of the antebellum south were living under. Jim escaped, did not get caught and was able to gain the trust of a white male, Huck. Huck had grown up under the suspicion that blacks should be slaves and that there was a place in society for them and a place for people like Huck. Jim also made people believe that he had magic powers. His personality speaks for itself. Although, Huck was taught to despise the African American race, he found more comfort in Jim, than those in the society that he grew up in and was a part of. It was the first time in Huck's life from the readers understanding that he really felt like he was at home and that nothing from the outside world could touch him:
“I was powerful glad to get away from the feuds, and so was Jim to get away from the swamp. We said there warn’t no home like a raft, after all. Other places do seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft don’t.you feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft.” (Twain 128)
Twain, like the characters in his novel, also used this idea of the raft being more of a home than the one they left not too long ago. The raft symbolizes Twain's attempt at correcting the wrongdoers, the people of the antebellum south, by stating that there is something wrong with the way people live if a small raft freely floating down a river is more comforting than what should be home. In connection to the society-proof raft explained in the previous quote, the character of Tom Sawyer was used to portray a similar separation like the raft, between society and himself. The role of Tom sawyer in the novel is one to simply set an example for the people of the antebellum south. In his later appearance in the novel, Tom agrees to help free Jim from slavery and devises many very sophisticated plans to do so. Even though his terminal and complicated plans could potentially lead to the death of Huck, Tom, and Jim, Tom insisted on helping, and doing it with style. Twain used the character Tom to critique how we should all be living and acting. Tom is a very free person, coming and going whenever he pleases, sacrificing for the life of someone else, especially when that someone else was hated by the majority of the South’s population. He seems like he is not restrained by the expectations of his society but rather a free thinking spirit. “Here was a boy that was respectable, and well brought up…he was bright, and not leather-headed; and knowing and not ignorant; and not mean, but kind[…]”(246) He teaches us to live lawlessly and to see beyond skin and fear and past the outcomes of life, even if those outcomes are death. Mark Twain in the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn uses the protagonist, Huckleberry Finn and many other characters to critique or speak out against the corrupt society of the antebellum south. He used different characters, not as an attack against the people of that time, but as a guideline, and a message, stating that people can change, like Huck, and Jim, and that changing would be in the best interest for all. Although he was not completely altered by his incredible adventure, Huck realized that life without all of the racism, discrimination, and all of the other negative happenings of the South at that time was a good life and better than the one he had. As metaphorically stated by Twain, life is better without all of the negative additives.